Schumpeter makes clear that an essential attribute of democracy is its being a system of government capable of working notwithstanding a low degree of conscious rationality among its citizens. The prevalence of the deliberate over the automatic component can occur in different degrees as a consequence, individuals exhibit different levels of conscious rationality. Schumpeter himself constructed his theory on the basis of his (neglected) conception of conscious rationality, which considers the process of thinking as composed of conscious/deliberate and unconscious/automatic components. Schumpeter’s theory of democracy can be read through the lens of the cognitive approach to rationality.
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